AI-Powered Risk-Based Enforcement
AI-driven tools for governments and businesses that need to find the highest-risk products, transactions, and supply chains — and act on them proportionately, with limited resources.
P×C Risk Map — live example
Each point is a product. Position = non-compliance risk. Size = market exposure.
Every ResidualRisk.ai tool is built on a single framework: P×C risk scoring. The goal is never to inspect everything — it is to ensure that the most dangerous non-compliance is always found first, and that limited enforcement resources are concentrated where they reduce risk most effectively.
This methodology was developed within the UNECE Group of Experts on Risk Management in Regulatory Systems over fifteen years of intergovernmental work, and is codified in UNECE Recommendations R, S, and V and in the ITC/UNECE Guide for Border Regulators. It has been applied across food safety, consumer product safety, customs, plant protection, and financial compliance.
The AI layer does not replace the methodology — it operationalises it at a scale and speed that was previously impossible for most regulatory authorities.
Five Tools. One Framework.
Each tool addresses a specific enforcement challenge. All share the same P×C risk logic, ensuring that outputs are consistent, traceable, and defensible — not black-box predictions.
Tool 01
Most enforcement authorities operate without a systematic framework for deciding what to check, when, and how. Inspections are driven by habit, political visibility, or available capacity — not by risk. This tool uses LLM-based analysis to design the processes, criteria, and data flows of a risk-based surveillance system tailored to the authority's mandate and product scope.
Tool 02
When an authority cannot inspect everything — and no authority can — it needs a principled method for deciding which products to check. This tool runs a P×C risk scoring pipeline across a product universe, generating a ranked inspection list where the most dangerous non-compliance surfaces first. Every score is accompanied by a traceable, evidence-based justification.
Tool 03
Once a product has been sampled, the enforcement authority faces a second resource constraint: laboratory testing is expensive, time-consuming, and often cannot cover every applicable regulatory requirement. This tool selects the optimal set of laboratory tests for a given product, maximising the probability of detecting non-compliance within the available testing budget.
Tool 04
Border control agencies operate in silos. Customs clears a shipment. Plant protection checks phytosanitary certificates. Food safety reviews labelling. Each agency applies its own risk criteria, often to the same consignment, without coordination. This tool implements a multi-agency P×C pipeline: each agency scores the shipment independently, and a coordinated inspection plan resolves overlapping priorities into a single, efficient enforcement action.
Tool 05
Online marketplaces have transformed product distribution — and the enforcement challenge that comes with it. Unsafe products can be listed, sold, and replaced faster than traditional surveillance can respond. This tool deploys agentic AI to continuously monitor online market activity: scraping platforms, building non-compliance profiles for specific products, and feeding intelligence back into the risk targeting pipeline.
Delivered in the field
The methodology behind ResidualRisk.ai has been implemented in government systems, tested at live borders, and validated through international peer review — not just demonstrated in slides.
🇧🇹 Bhutan
ITC / STDF
AI-assisted integrated border risk management pilot for agri-food products — multi-agency pipeline covering BFDA, Customs, and Border Police at Phuentsholing crossing.
🇰🇪 Kenya
ITC / EU-EAC MARKUP II
Multi-agency IRM pilot design for JKIA: KEPHIS, Port Health, KRA Customs, and KenTrade — covering fresh horticultural exports.
🇺🇬 Uganda · 🇷🇼 Rwanda · 🇸🇸 South Sudan · 🇧🇮 Burundi
ITC / EU-EAC MARKUP II
Border risk management capacity assessments and agency roadmaps across four EAC countries, covering customs, food safety, plant protection, and standards bodies.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan
ITC
Integrated risk management assessment and implementation roadmap for border control agencies.
🇮🇱 Israel
Ministry of Economy · Ministry of Agriculture · Food Safety Authority
Risk-based import compliance and market surveillance frameworks across consumer products, fresh produce, and food. Plant protection methodology recognised as international best practice by NAPPO.
🇬🇷 Greece · 🇱🇻 Latvia
OECD / EU-funded
Market surveillance capacity building — training materials, inspector training, and comparative EU framework analysis.
🌍 UNECE / Global
UNECE WP.6 RAMS
Vice Chair since 2010. Led development of five intergovernmental Recommendations. Demonstrated AI-powered enforcement tools at the RAMS Annual Forum 2026.
🇲🇾 Malaysia · CEFTA countries
ITC
Risk management training courses for regulatory authorities — technical regulation and integrated risk-based import compliance frameworks.
PhD · Vice Chair, UNECE RAMS · Lead Expert, ITC
I design and implement AI-driven, risk-based regulatory compliance and enforcement frameworks — helping governments and businesses build systems that identify the most dangerous non-compliance, whether in products, transactions, or supply chains, target limited resources effectively, and reduce non-compliance risk to a tolerable level without creating unnecessary costs.
Since 2010, I have developed intergovernmental risk management methodologies within the UNECE Group of Experts on Risk Management in Regulatory Systems, including methodologies for risk-based targeting and integrated risk management in border control. I currently serve as Vice Chair of the Group of Experts on Risk Management and Market Surveillance (RAMS), having led the development of foundational UNECE Recommendations and publications in this field.
As an international expert at ITC, OECD, UNIDO, and UNECE, and as an independent consultant, I have delivered projects in more than 20 countries covering food safety, consumer product safety, plant protection, border control, autonomous vehicle safety, and financial compliance, including fraud and AML.
Get in touch
Whether you are scoping a technical assistance programme, designing a compliance system, or looking to pilot AI-powered risk targeting in your agency — start with a conversation.